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How Sempra used cash-balance plans

It's a rather complex and expensive proposition to short a specific bond in the muni market as finding a counterparty to the trade is very expensive. What happens in that market is that the bids just dry up(or the spreads get really, really wide) causing the price to go to a lower level where it will trade. But when one mentions munis, one must remember that not all munis are created equal. There's a big difference between General Obligation Bonds, Assessment Bonds, and Revenue bonds, etc. especially in the workout phase after a default. There's also senior debt, junior debt, subordinated debt, insured, collateralized, etc. all of which affects the price, the risk of the bond, and the return after workout. Also, one must look at the average price of defaulted bonds and what the recovery will bring, keeping in note the conditions of the general bond market. For the group as a whole, the average recovery of a defaulted muni in the US after workout is around 67 cents on the dollar although there is a very wide range of values in this treacherous market. Still, it helps to remember that during the Orange County bankruptcy, a plurality of the bond holders were repaid at par within 3 years. That's a great rate of return as some of the senior debt with a huge coupon traded as low as 32 if memory serves me correctly. But the thing about the Wayne County(detroit) Muni market's broad decline is that even the senior revenue notes are trading at a fear discount despite the fact that many are safe, and many are insured. I'd have no problem buying a 2028 Wayne County Airport Revenue bond with a 4.75 coupon at 91, especially when similar revenue bonds at Atlanta (ATL) are priced at in the ballpark of 105. Even looking at the Jefferson County Alabama bankruptcy, lots of their debt is fully secure,collateralized, insured, and even with bonds like their Jefferson County General Obligation bond that matures in 2016 with a 5.25% coupon. That bond was trading at 80 the day after the bankruptcy and that price shows that the market expects at least an 80 cent on the dollar recovery rate. It is interesting to note that the price of those bonds went up significantly after the bankruptcy. To eliminate some confusion here, my little instruction for people looking at bonds is that price and yield are in an inverse relationship...lower price, higher yield....higher price, lower yield.
— December 13, 2011 7:34 a.m.

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